![]() ![]() Hear me, o Heav'n! and, if a God be there, My mournful voice the pitying rocks shall move,Īnd my complainings echo thro' the grove. Obscur'd, and bury'd from the sight of men, Thro' the wide world your actions will proclaim Still my revenge shall take its proper time,Īnd suit the baseness of your hellish crime. However, Tereus lusted for Philomela when he first saw her, and that lust grew during the course of the return voyage to Thrace. King Pandion of Athens, the father of Philomela and Procne, was apprehensive about letting his one remaining daughter leave his home and protection and asks Tereus to protect her as if he were her father. Īccording to Ovid, in the fifth year of Procne's marriage to Tereus, King of Thrace and son of Ares, she asked her husband to "Let me at Athens my dear sister see / Or let her come to Thrace, and visit me." Tereus agreed to travel to Athens and escort her sister, Philomela, to Thrace. It is likely that Ovid relied upon Greek and Latin sources that were available in his era such as the Bibliotheca of Pseudo-Apollodorus (2nd century BC), or sources that are no longer extant or exist today only in fragments-especially Sophocles' tragic drama Tereus (5th century BC). The most complete and extant rendering of the story of Philomela, Procne, and Tereus can be found in Book VI of the Metamorphoses of the Roman poet Ovid (Publius Ovidius Naso) (43 BC – 17/18 AD), where the story reaches its full development during antiquity. The name means "lover of fruit", "lover of apples", or "lover of sheep". Ovid and other writers have made the association that the etymology of her name was "lover of song", derived from the Greek φιλο- and μέλος ("song") instead of μῆλον ("fruit" or "sheep"). In nature, the female nightingale is actually mute, and only the male of the species sings. Because of the violence associated with the myth, the song of the nightingale is often depicted or interpreted as a sorrowful lament. While the myth has several variations, the general depiction is that Philomela, after being raped and mutilated by her sister's husband, Tereus, obtains her revenge and is transformed into a nightingale ( Luscinia megarhynchos), a bird renowned for its song. Philomela's other siblings were Erechtheus, Butes and possibly Teuthras. Her sister, Procne, was the wife of King Tereus of Thrace. Philomela was known as being the "princess of Athens" and the younger of two daughters of Pandion I, King of Athens, and the naiad Zeuxippe. 3.2 In Elizabethan and Jacobean England.3.1 From antiquity and the influence of Ovid.2.2 Elements borrowed from other myths and stories. ![]()
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